Transmission and distribution of electric power.



PATBNTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1904.

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No. 823,055. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906 J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION ANDDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1904.

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PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.3,1904.

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PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906 J. KRUY WIIK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OFELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3. 1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 823,055. PATEIITED JUNE 12, 1906. J. KRUYSWIJK.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-3.1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. KRUYSWIJK.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.'3,1904.

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J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG 3, 1904.

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No. 823,055. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

' J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.3,1904.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 8 No. 823,055. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

J. KRUYSWIJK.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

. APPLICATION FILED AUG.3,1904.

10 SHEETSSHEBT 9.

7 /6! I A? a IL z 'PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

- J. KRUYSWIJK. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 3, 1

- IO'SHEETSQSHEET 10 fzg 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 12, 1906.

Application filed August 3,1904. Serial No. 219,810.

I 0 all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J ACOB KRUYswIJK, a subject of the Queen of theNetherlands, and a resident of Ryswijk, near The Hague, in the Kingdomof the Netherlands, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inthe Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power, of which thefollowing is an exact specification.

My present invention relates to a new and improved system oflong-distance transmission of electric power, and has for its purpose totransmit the current from a continuouscurrent dynamo. For this purposethe current of a continuous-current armature is divided into a number ofbranch currents the phases of which form the complements to each otherto the original continuous current of the armature. By transmittingthese branch currents and recombining the same the whole currentproduced by the continuous-current armature is thus transmitted to along distance, so that a continuous current equal to the full effect ofthe armature will result, except, of course, the unavoidable losses oftransformation and transmission.

For economically transmitting the complementary currents the same mustbe transformed up to high tension. For transforming in stationarytransformers or to allow of leading the current to closedcollecting-rings if the transformation is effected in rotarytransformers the direction of the current of the successive phases ofthe branch currents is constantly changed. Consequently after thetransformation the direction of the currents must again be' reversed, sothat the phases become again of equal direction. If the current of thearmature is divided in branch currents every two of which haveconstantly at the same time the same momentary values of tension, eachof these current pairs is combined into a common circuit in transformingthem, so that the transmission may be effected by as few conductors aspossible. For the same purpose the circuits to be transmitted areconnected to each other in star or delta connection. A complete dividingof the armature-current into currents with complementary phases isobtained by deriving the current besides from the collector-brushes alsofrom such a number of fixed points of the armature-winding that thewinding is constantly divided into the desired number of circuits bythese points of derivation and the neutral points from which thecom1nutator-brushes lead off the current. Thus if in the simplest caset.6., in a two-pole ringarmaturera dial lines are drawn through thecurrentderiving points and the neutral points in each position of thearmature, except if two of these lines cover each other, the armature isdivided by these lines in as many sections as there are complementarycircuits derived. In order to obtain a symmetrical distribution of thecurrent, the current-deriving points should be situated in equaldistances from each other in the armature winding. If these points arearranged by pairs diametrically opposite to each other, the derivedcircuits will have by pairs constantly the same momentary values oftension.

The accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 17 illustrate the principles ofthe invention and show some constructional forms of the parts of it.

In Figs. 121 11 the dividing into 2 X 3 6 complementary circuits isrepresented. Fig. 1 shows the position of the current-deriving points inthe successive armature positions. Fig. 1 shows graphically the courseof the phases in the branch currents. In conformity with the two halvesinto which the current of the armature-winding is divided by the neutrallines two spaces are arranged above each other, each representing onehalf of the armature-current, which consequently represent together thecontinuous current furnished by the armature. The two outer lines andthe middle line indicate the two poles of the armature. The lines whichindicate the position of the distributing-points constantly go to andfro between these lines and need not cross each other in this kind ofdiagram.

For simplifying the drawings, the lines which connect the positions andthe derivingpoints in the neutral lines are indicated by straight lines.The six derived branch currents are indicated by the same numerals inFig. 1 between the current conductors, (brushes and derivingpoints,)from which they are derived in the corresponding moments, and in Fig. 1in the armature parts from which they take off the current. In Fig. 1one of the derived branch currents is represented in the usual mannerafter reversing the phase. InFigs. 2 2 2 the distribution in 2 X2 =4circuits of complementary phase is shown in the same manner for matterof comparison. The dividing of the current in 1 X 5 5 phases isrepresented in Fig. 3. The necessary position of the current-derivingpoints in armatures with drumwinding can easily be derived from theabove. In multipolar armatures as many groups 5 of current-derivingpoints must be present as single points in a two-pole armature. Inparallel-wound armatures those current-deriving points which constantlyreceive the same momentary values of tension with regard'to the brushescan be connected to each other into a group. In armatures with serieswinding a similar connection is already made in winding the armature.IVith any kind of winding the number of current derivations needconsequently not be greater than in a simple two-pole armature.Consequently each of the current derivations is in connection eitherwith a single point or with a group of fixed points, according to thekind 20. of armature. By the aid of the above indications the requiredcurrent derivations with armatures of any kind of winding can easily befound out.

The armature-winding need not of neces- 2 5 sity be a continuous-currentwinding. It may also be made up in separated parts t. e.,thecontinuous-current winding can be cut up into sections; but in this casethe neces sary distributing and reversing commutator is morecomplicated, as can be seen from such arrangements which are describedbelow. In Fig. 4, for instance, two positions of a discontinuous Windingfor 2 X 3 6 circuits are represented. The parts of the 3 5 winding canfurther be connected with each other in difierent manner. In Figs. 5 and5 for instance, a winding for 2 X 3 6 phases is shown, with which thesuccessive parts are wound in directions opposite to each other. At thebrushes A and B there will in consequence not be present a constanttension of current. In the successive positions, in each of which two ofthe derivingpoints constantly fall in the same axis with the brushes,the direction of the currents in the parts of the winding is indicatedby arrows. In Fig. 5 an intermediate position is shown in which all sixcircuits are under tension.

From the brushes and the fixed points the circuits must be derived insuch a manner that the current of the armature is constantly distributedover the same.

A complete distribution of the current generated in the windings of anarmature over a small number of circuits in such a manner that thecurrents obtained complement each other to a continuous current can notbe arrived at by simply deriving circuits from fixed points in a closedarmature-winding or with an open armature-winding by connecting the endsof the winding simply to collecting-rings. The Zero value of the phasesis in this case caused by two points or winding ends from which acircuit is derived,

being equidistant from a neutral line, so that currents of oppositedirection are induced in this part of the armature. These currentsneutralize each other and cannot at all be derived from the armature. Asin consequence thereof the sum of the currents carried oil by suchcircuits is not constant, the phases of these circuits cannot complementeach other to a constant value.

In Figs. 6, 6 and 7 7 for comparison with each other the derivation of 22=t complementary branch currents and of 2 X 2 alternating currentsgenerated in the usual way is shown. For sake of clearness the currentsare derived from two-pole ring-arma: tures.

In Figs. 6 6 and 7 7 the identical successive armature positions areshown. In Figs. 6 and 7 the course of phases is graphically represented.The spaces between the hori- Zontal lines represent the effect of thearmature as a continuous-current armature. The effects produced by thetwo half-windings, one being situated at each side between the brushes,are thought asbeing superposed one upon the other, so that the twohorizontal lines correspond to the poles of the armature. Between these,these lines which connect the successive positions of a current-derivingpoint with each other go constantly up and down. The spaces formedbetween the conductors from which the different circuits are derived(which. spaces represent the phases of the currents derived) are hatchedin a diiierent manner. IVithin these spaces the circuits are indicatedby numerals. In the armature positions in Figs. 6 and 7" those partsfrom which the currents are derived in the corresponding positions areindicated by the same numerals. From these diagrams it can easily beseen that the branch currents compensate each other by pairs exactly tohalf the efiect of the armature. In deriving ordinary alternatingcurrents, however, it can be seen that though the same complement eachother by pairs to equal momentary values the sum of the four alternatingcurrents, however, varies between the full value of the continuouscurrent and a smaller value which is equal to the sum of the maximumvalues of two of" the derived alternating currents 01" the same phase.The lines connecting the points in which one of the fixedderiving-points is situated in a neutral line are indicated by straightlines only for sake of simplicity. As is generally known, the sum ofevery two parallel alternating currents when at maximum value of thephase is greater than half of the continuous current, (being aboutthree-fourths of the same.) Also from the armature positions accordingto Figs. 6 and '7 it can be seen by the position of the arrowsindicating the current direction in the armature parts, from which thecurrents are derived in the successive po ICO IIO

sitions, that by deriving ordinary alternating currents for each circuittwice during each revolution a position occurs in which in the windingsof the corresponding armature part currents of opposite direction areinduced which nullify each other. By dividing the current into branchcurrents forming the complements to each other, however, the full amountof the current induced in the armature is constantly derived.

With the dividing of the armature-current into 2 2= I circuits thesecircuits can directly be derived from the commutatorbrushes andcollecting-rings to which the current derivations are connected and canthen be conducted to the reverser. In the simplest form this reverserconsists of a pair of segments for each circuit to be reversed. So with2 X 2 circuits there must be provided four pairs of segments. Thecurrents may be reversed in quite the same way. Of course the specialmanner in which the reverser and the rereverser are constructed is uiteindifferent. In Fig. 8 four positions of such a reverser are shown,corresponding to the second,

fourth, sixth, and eighth positions of the armature in Fig. 7 The fourdifferent circuits are indicated at the brushes by the same numerals asin the armature positions, and the potential which they successivelyattain is also indicated. In Fig. 8 one of the circuits is shown in theordinary way after reversion ofthe phases. In dividing the current intoother than 2 X 2 =4 circuits a {special distributing commutator isrequired. Such a commutator can also be employ ed in dividing into 2 X 2=4 phases. By the same the connection of a current-circuit with a brushand a derivation is then changed for the connection of the same circuitwith an' other derivation and the opposite brush in the moment the phaseis at maXimumi. 6., the moment in which the current-deriving points arein the neutral lines. Such commutating is necessary if the current shallbe derived in two single phases, as described below.

As already mentioned, the direction of the successive phases of thebranch currents must constantly be changed to allow of an economicaltransformation in stationary transformers or of leading the branchcurrents to closed collecting-rings when rotating transformers are used.The two commutations'viz., the distributing and the reversingcanpreferably be effected by one and the same commutator. In Figs. 9*, 9, 99 and 10 and 10 some constructional forms of such a combined distributerand reverser are represented. Such commutators can be put up in anydesired manner, as the arrangement of the same is without importance.The only condition to be fulfilled is that the change or reversing takesplace in the right momentt'. 0., when short circuit between the brushand deriving-point is present. In Figs. 9 and 9 a commutator is shown bywhich the current is supplied to collectingrings and taken off inalternating form from brushes, whereas in Figs. 9 and 9 on the contrary,the current is taken off by means of collecting-rings. In Fig. 9 the sixparts of which the simplified two-part commutator, Fig. 9 is made up areseparately shown. The segments are indicated with the signs of thecurrent-conductors with which they must be con nected. The brushes arethought movable over the segments, so that they are constantly over themomentary values of the phases, as represented in Fig. 9 The position ofthe brushes indicated in Fig. 9 corresponds to the position ofthebrushes shown in Fig. 9 In Fig. 9 also the siX parts are separatelyshown, from which the two parts of Fig. 9 are composed, and the brusheswhich serve for current-supply are also thought movable over thesegments. Those segments, which may be connected with the samecollectingring, are indicated by the same numerals, (I to II.) Theposition of the brushes in Fig. 9 corresponds to the position of thebrushes indicated in Fig. 9 Only in case of a suitable number of polessuch commutators can directly be arranged upon the armature-shaft.

In other cases they must be synchronously 9 driven. The commutatorsrepresented can be arranged upon the shaft of a six-pole armature. Ingeneral the required number of revolutions of such commutators stands tothe number of revolutions of the armature in the same proportion as thenumber of the pole pairs on the armature stands to the number ofdifferent phases derived, (half the total number of circuits in case ofdividing into parallel circuits.) The circuits derived are indicatedbetween the current-deriving devices of the commutators (brushes in Fig.9 and collecting-rings, Fig. 9 by the same numerals (I to II) by whichthey are indicated in Fig. 9

As an example, a separate commutator only for distributing the currentis shown in Fig. 5. With this commutator the current shall be suppliedby means of collectingrings to be connected with the segments and istaken off by means of brushes. The necessary segments can be combinedinto four groups. The segments are indicated by the signs of theconductors with which they shall be connected. The brushes shown in thedrawings are in a position which corresponds to the first armatureposition of Fig. 5 Between every two brushes the circuits derived fromthe same are indicated by the same 1111-. merals as in the armaturepositions of Fig. 5 In connection with an armature wound like that ofFigs. 5 and 5 the branch currents are derived from thisdistributing-commutator in alternating form, as the successive parts ofthe winding are wound in opposite sense IIO I/Vith an ordinarycontinuous-current armature, however, the branch currents would be ofthe same direction of phase.

From the combined commutators like those shown in Figs. 9 9 9 9 thewhole current of the armature can be derived by means of three singlecircuits. The required connections of the brushes are indicated in Figs.9 and 9 by the numbers I, II, and III, and in Figs. 14*, 14 14 the wayof commutating by means of which the single phases are derived has fullybeen represented. From the diagram of Fig. 14 the course of the phasescan be seen. Here the two halves of the armature-current are superposedso that they cover each other, and in consequence the lines whichindicate the advancing of the direct deriving-points cross each other.The zero value of the current between two derivingpoints is consequentlyindicated by the meeting of the corresponding lines. From this diagramit can be seen that such circuits are derived which are constantlyalternately connected to a pair of current-deriving points and to thebrushes, respectively. The three circuits which can be derived in thatmanner form the complements to each other to the full eiiect of thearmature, as one of the same is alternately in connection with thebrushes. In Fig. 14 the derivation of the three single circuits isindicated in the successive armature positions corresponding to thecourse of the phases in Fig. 14 In Fig. 1 L the circuits are similarlynumbered as the currentconductors (the brushes and the fixed points) inFig. 1 1 from which the currents are derived in the correspondingsuccessive positions. In Fig. 14 one of the currentcircuits derived inthis manner is represented in the usual way. For deriving two singlecircuits from the armature in the same manner the branch currentsgenerated by means of two direct derivations must be commutated in asimilar manner. Besides changing the direction of current in thezero-point of the phases the connection of a circuit with aderiving-point and a brush is changed for the.

connection of the same circuit with the other brush and the otherderiving-point as soon as this derivingpoint arrives in the same neutralline with the first brush, and vice versa.

Figs. 10 and 10 show a commutator which is arranged in quite the samemanner as that according to Figs. 9 and 99- Fig. 10 shows separately thefour parts which are combined to two parts in Fig. 10. The position ofthe brushes in Fig. 10 corresponds to the position of the brushes shownin Fig. 10 Between the current-deriving brushes in Fig. 10 the circuitsderived are indicated in the same way as in Fig. 9. By the largernumerals I II the required connection of the brushes for deriving thetwo single circuits is indicated.

Figs. 15*, 15 15 show the way of commutating by which two singlecircuits are taken off in the same manner as is shown'in Figs. 14*, 1414 for three phases.

In Fig. 15 one of the circuits is again represented in the usual manner.

The original directing of the currents of the individual armature coilsto a continuous current can also be effected, together with thedistributing and reversing of the branch currents, by means of onecommon commutating device. The branch currents can then be derived inalternating form directly from the armature-winding. WVhen only thenecessary connections are made in the right moment, the specialconstructional form of commutator is of no importance.

Some constructional forms are shown in Figs. 11", 11 12 12 and 13 13 Inthese figures are represented around the combined commutators, and inthe same succession in which they should be connected with an ordinarycontinuous-current commutator, the connected ends of every twosuccessive coils of winding. The succession in which these ends areconnected to each other by way of the windings is indicated by numerals.Figs. 11 and 11 show thirty-one connected ends of the coils of afour-pole series winding, and Fig. 12 shows the forty-eight ends of asix-pole parallel winding. These ends are connected with the segments ofthe commutators shown in the same succession in which they are connectedwith each other in the winding. As the armature of Fig. 12 is supposedto be parallel-wound, those connected ends of winding which constantlyreceive equal momentary values of tension with regard to each other areconnected to common segments. Corresponding to the derivation of threeor two phase currents,

four ends in Fig. 12 and two such in Figs. 11 and 11 are connected withspecial segments in the required position. These segments have such awidth that a brush applied to them remains connected with them for thetime during which the deriving-points get from a neutral line across afield-pole to the following neutral line of the armature. Then the brushcomes again in connection with the ordinary segments. All thoseconnection-lines which would interfere with an easy understanding of thedrawings are only partially drawn out, and the connections indicated bynumerals. Within the commutators the pairs of complementary circuits andthe single circuits of different phase are indicated by numerals betweenthe brushes from which they are derived. The positions of the brushes,which are indicated in Figs. 11" and 11 and 12, correspond to the firstarmature position according to Figs. 1 and 2. The

plus and minus signs indicated at the wind ing ends denote the polaritywhich brushes applied there would permanently receive. In Fig. 11 one ofthe connected ends of IIO windings rests without connection with asegment, which is caused by the commutator shown being completelysymmetrical. In the position of a brush upon the segments 30 and 1 twocoils of the winding become short-circuited. According to Fig. 11 thiswill con stantly be the case. WVith this way of connection only thealternate connected ends of winding are connected with a segment, andthe number of segments consequently reduced to the half.

It is of course not possible to indicate and to describe all kinds ofconnections possible for the derivation of the currents from thearmature-windings without the intermediacy of a commondirecting-commutator. From the examples described, however, the requiredconnections for any kind of winding and number of poles and withcommutators of difi'erent numbers of segments can easily be derived.

According to the described principle of constantly alternatelyconnecting the circuits with the positive and negativecommutatorbrushes, the current of acontinuous-current armature can bedistributed over three single circuits by means of only one singlecurrent derivation. The current of half the armature-winding is thenconstantly distrib uted over two of the circuits, whereas a thirdcircuit is derived from the brushes themselves. Figs. 16", 16 and 16illustrate this kind of dividing of the current in the same way in whichFigs. 1 and 2 illustrate the dividing into 2 3 or 2X 2 circuits. In Fig.16 the course of phases corresponding to the armature positions in Fig.16 is shown. The circuits are indicated in the armature positions and inthe diagram by the same numerals. In Fig. 16 a current-circuit isrepresented in the usual manner after reversing the phase. Also withthis kind of current derivation a distributing-commutator is necessary.Fig. 16 shows a combined distributing and reversing commutator of thesame kind as the one in Fig. 9 for 2 X 3 6 phases. The same need onlyconsist of one part, which is always the case in dividing the currentinto an uneven number of circuits.

Figs. 13 and 13 show constructional forms of a commutator by means ofwhich the three current circuits can directly be derived from thewindings of the armature. The forty-four connected ends of the windingsof a six-pole series-wound armature are connected in two groups with akind of doubled-up commutator, so that constantly the alternate ends(counted through the windings) are connected with a commutator-segment.The doubling of the commutator is with 2 X 2, 2 X 3, and so on circuitsonly necessary in case the required number of poles is doubled on thearmature, so as to have 8, 12, &c., poles. With 1 X 3 or in general withan uneven number of circuits this doubling of the commutator is requiredeven with the smallest number of poles with which the immediatederivation of the complementary currents from the armature windings ispossibleso, for instance, with siXpoles in case of 1 X 3 circuits. Eachpart of the doubled commutator then contains a broad segment, as shownin Fig. 13. Each of these is connected to one of two successive windingends. They are not connected both to the same end in order to obtain acomplete symmetrical arrangement of the commutator. In Fig. 13 adoubling of the number of segments of the commutator has been effectedin the usual manner. The segments of equal value are connected with eachother by cross connections; constantly every third following connectedend of winding is connected with such a pair of segments. The two broadsegments are in this case thus connected to the same winding end.

InFigs. 17 and 17 a complete transmission of continuous current afterthis system is shown, in which the current is transmitted in three-phasecircuits. A six-pole armature is chosen, so that the combineddistributor and primary reverser can be arranged directly upon thearmature-shaft. As the armature represented is of series winding onlytwo brushes (shown within the collector) are ar ranged, which areconnected with the corresponding segments of the reverser by means ofcollecting-rings. The current derivations are made from segments of thecollector in the required position by directly connecting these segmentswith the corresponding segments of the reverser. If the reverser weresynchronously driven by special means, of course also these connectionshad to be made by means of collecting-rings. As the number of segmentsof the collector is a number not containing the factor 4, a somewhatunsymmetrical distribution of the armaturewindings is caused. This wantof symmetry could be overcome by making the direct derivations fromsymmetrical points in the winding itself.

In order to be able to transmit to a long distance the whole current bymeans of three conductors every two parallel circuits (circuits withconstantly equal momentary values with regard toeach other) are combinedto a common secondary current-circuit in transforming them up. In the drawings these combinations have been indicated by inscribing the samenumerals between the conductors of the siX circuits upon the reverserand at the transforming arrangement, Fig. 17 As an example, therereversing of the currents after transforming to low tension iseffected by means of a commutator with which the circuits, connectedwith each other to a closed circuit, are connected in such a manner thatat two points of the rereverser diametrically opposed to each otherconstantly the sum of the tensions is present so that the continuouscurrent can be taken off by means of two brushes. Of course also therereversing of the currents can be effected close to the generator if itshould be desired to only change the tension of a continuous cu 'renti.6., to generate a continuous current of another tension than that whichis present at the collector-brushes of the armature.

In redirecting after the manner described, the current-circuits must beconnected with each other in series, so that in case the current istransmitted by two circuits a distribution of each transmitted phaseover two separate circuits is necessary to allow of connecting with sucha rereverser. In Fig. 17 for example, such a transformation plant withtransmission of the current in two currentcircuits is indicated.

The rereversing of the branch currents can be effected for eachconsuming apparatus separately as well as for a number of suchapparatuses in a group. Likewise the currentsupply to thereversingcommutators can either be effected from common or from individual transformers. In connecting several generators parallel to eachother for supplying a common transmission plant the current-conductorsfrom the brushes and fixed points may be connected to a commondistributing and reversing commutator if the individual armatures arearranged in such a manner that the resulting currents are of equalphase.

If it is thought preferable to transmit the branch currents to a longdistance with phases of equal direction, the same should at once berereversed after the transformation. A second reversing and rereversingis then necessary to allow of transforming to low tension in stationarytransformers. Of course the branch currents with phases complementingeach other to a continuous current can be used with alternating-currentconsuming apparatus (induction-motors and the like) in the same manneras alternating currents generated in the usual manner. Dynamos providedwith armatures being provided with current derivations in the manner asdescribed can further be employed as synchronous motors when driven bythe branch currents.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention, what I desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a system fortransmitting electric power, the combination of a continuous-cm rentdynamo having an armature, a commutator with brushes for derivingcurrent from said commutator, collecting-rings and means for leadingcurrent from certain points of the armature-winding to thecollecting-rings, with means for connecting said points of thearmature-winding with the brushes by the intermediacy of separatecircuits, so that the currents of these circuits complement each otherto the total current generated in the armature, substantially asdescribed and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a system for transmitting electric power, the combination with acontinuouscurrent dynamo, having a commutator and brushes for derivingcurrent from said commutator, of collecting-rings, means for leadingcurrent from certain points of the armature-winding to thecollecting-rings, a dividing-commutator for dividing the current intocomplementary phases, a reversingcommu tator for reversing the phases ofsaid complementary branch currents, means for connecting the dividingand reversing commuta tors with the direct-current dynamo, and means fortransmitting the current from the dividing and reversing commutators toa distance, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a system for transmitting electric power, the combination in thegeneratingdynamo of the direct-current commutator with the distributingand the reversing commutator, substantially as described and for thepurpose set forth.

4. In a system for transmitting electric power, the combination with acontinuouscurrent dynamo, having a commutator, and brushes for derivingcurrent from said commutator, of collecting-rings, means for leadingcurrent from certain points of the armature-winding to thecollecting-rings, a dividing and reversing commutator for dividing thecurrent of said dynamo into a number of branch currents of complementaryphases, and for reversing the phases of the complementary branchcurrents, means for connecting the dividing and reversing commutatorwith the brushes and collecting-rings of the direct-current dynamo, andmeans for transmitting the current from the dividing and reversingcommutator to a distance, substantially as described and for the purposeset forth.

5. In a system for transmitting electric power, the combination of acontinuous-current dynamo, having collecting-rings and a commutator withbrushes, of dividing and reversing commutators for dividing the currentof said dynamo into complementary branch currents and for reversing thephases of these branch currents, means for connecting the dividing andreversing commutators to said collecting-rings and brushes, an electrictransformer connected to the dividing and reversing commutators, andmeans for transmitting the current from the trans former to a distance,substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a system for transmitting electric power, the combination of acontinuous-current dynamo, having collecting-rings and a commutator withbrushes of dividing and reversing commutators for dividing the currentof said dynamo into complementary branch currents, and for reversing thephases of these branch currents, means for connecting the dividing andreversing commutators to said collecting-rings and brushes, an electrictransformer connected to the dividing and reversing commutators, acurrent-transmitting line, one end of Which being connected to saidtransformer, a transformer connected to the other end of said line, anda rereversing-commutator connected to the latter transformer forrereversing' the complementary currents transmitted by the line,substantially as described and for the purposeset forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JACOB KRUYSWIJ K.

Witnesses:

BOUKE JAooB KRUYsWIJK, GENIT JAN VA WAvErEs.

